Causes and Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, resulting in discomfort, inflammation, and potential damage to the eye’s surface. At Sight & Specs Optometry, we understand the importance of diagnosing and treating dry eye early to prevent complications.
 

What Causes Dry Eye Syndrome?

One common cause of dry eye syndrome is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The meibomian glands, located along the edge of the eyelids, secrete oils that prevent tears from evaporating too quickly. When these glands become blocked or dysfunctional, it leads to an unstable tear film, causing the eyes to dry out faster. This condition is often associated with inflammation and can be triggered by age, hormonal changes, or conditions such as rosacea.
 

Another cause of dry eye syndrome is decreased tear production, which may result from aging, certain medications (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, or blood pressure medications), or autoimmune diseases like Sjögren's syndrome. When the lacrimal glands, responsible for producing tears, slow down or stop producing enough moisture, the eyes cannot stay properly lubricated.
 

Environmental factors such as prolonged screen time, exposure to wind or dry air, and the use of contact lenses can also exacerbate dry eye symptoms. These conditions can accelerate tear evaporation, especially if a person blinks less frequently or if the quality of the tears is compromised. Hormonal changes, especially in postmenopausal women, can also affect tear production, leading to dry eyes.
 

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome

The symptoms of dry eye syndrome can vary from mild discomfort to severe irritation. Some of the most common symptoms include:
 

•        Stinging or Burning Sensation: A stinging, burning, or gritty feeling in the eyes is a hallmark of dry eye. You may feel like there is something foreign in your eye.

•        Redness and Irritation: Dry eyes often appear red and irritated due to inflammation of the eye’s surface. This can make your eyes look bloodshot, especially after long periods of screen use or exposure to dry environments.

•        Blurred Vision: People with dry eye syndrome may experience fluctuating vision, particularly after focusing on tasks like reading or using a computer for extended periods.

•        Excessive Tearing: Dry eyes can sometimes cause excessive tearing as your eyes try to compensate for the lack of moisture.

•        Sensitivity to Light: If you suffer from dry eye, you might notice increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), especially in bright or outdoor environments.

•        Difficulty Wearing Contact Lenses: For contact lens wearers, dry eye can make it uncomfortable to wear lenses for extended periods. You may experience irritation or feel like your contacts are sticking to your eyes.
 

Take the Next Step in Dry Eye Relief

While dry eye syndrome can be uncomfortable, there are ways to manage and alleviate symptoms. Treatment may include using artificial tears, prescription eye drops, or in-office treatments or punctal plugs to help retain moisture. Lifestyle changes, such as taking breaks during screen time and staying hydrated, can also help.
 

If you’re experiencing symptoms of dry eye, contact Sight & Specs Optometry for a thorough examination and personalized treatment plan to address your symptoms and restore comfort to your eyes. Visit our office in Queens, New York, or call (718) 470-2280 to book an appointment today.